But how can I sell Bitcoins without knowing someone who is interested, so without specifying a particular address?
You can't. You first need to know who you're selling to if you're trading directly.
Perhaps you're asking about trading on an exchange, however? In that case, you'll have an account with the exchange, and deposit your BTC there (in many ways, but not all, like a bank account that holds fiat). To do so, you'll get a deposit address from the exchange, and send your coins there, and the exchange will credit your account. Then you can issue trading orders on the exchange, which will increment/decrement your BTC account value while decrementing/incrementing your fiat account value (or whatever you're trading against). The trading partners' account(s) will be decremented/incremented in the opposite way.
Note that when using such exchanges, you are trusting them to honor your balance with them. Exchanges can, and in the past have, ran off with customer funds. Don't leave your coins there longer than needed.