Suppose customers pay me bitcoins for their purchases. As far as I understand, I could check block chain that the proper payment amount has been made to the address I generate for each customer, and after waiting for several confirmations I should then ship the product. Why several confirmations? Wouldn't one be sufficient?
Also, is the method I described above the best way to identify a paying customer?
Thanks
After one confirmation, the transaction is very unlikely to be double spent. However, each further confirmation reduces the probability exponentially. Basically, the number of confirmations provides additional security that the transaction will not be reversed.
One reason a retail store or individual might wait for more confirmations to ship is time; it only takes an hour for 6 confirmations to go through, which is negligible time for shipping a product, but can provide assurance to the seller.
One confirmation is not sufficient. Suppose two miners discover a new block hash at roughly the same time. They each send it to their peers, and then to their peers, so maybe half the Bitcoin network has new block A and the other half has new block B, both believing that it is a valid new block for the next one in sequence.
This situation won't be resolved until the next block is generated after that. It is possible (though increasing unlikely) for this kind of situation to happen repeatedly, which is why you should wait for several confirmations before accepting the payment as valid.
