How much inflation does Bitcoin have, year by year?

Question

What's the M0/MB inflation rate of Bitcoin?

Note: I'm asking about multiple years in order to make this question less likely to go out of date.

Answer 1

Year     #bitcoins       Inflation per annum
2009     1,624,250          -
--------------------------------------------------
2010     5,020,250        209.1%
2011     8,001,400         59.4%
2012    10,733,825         34.1%  (halvening November 28)
2013    12,199,725         13.7%
2014    13,671,200         12.1%
--------------------------------------------------
2015    15,029,525          9.9%
2016    16,075,400          7.0%  (halvening July 9th)
2017    16,774,500          4.3%  
2018    17,455,725          4.1% 
2019    18,133,625          3.9%  
--------------------------------------------------
2020    18,586,944          2.5%  (halvening May 11th)
2021    18,918,944          1.8%  (estimate)
2022    19,250,694          1.8%  (estimate)
2023    19,583,194          1.7%  (estimate)
2024    19,801,591          1.1%  (estimate, halvening)
--------------------------------------------------
2025    19,967,841          0.8%  (estimate)
2026    20,134,091          0.8%  (estimate)
2027    20,300,341          0.8%  (estimate)
2028    20,405,164          0.5%  (estimate, halvening)
2029    20,488,289          0.4%  (estimate)
--------------------------------------------------
2030    20,571,414          0.4%  (estimate)

For the past years, I have calculated the amount of bitcoins created from first block to last block per year. The numbers starting from 2020 are estimates based on the assumption that we will add 54,000 Blocks per year, which would be the result of today's block interval rounded down to the thousands, or an average block interval of 9.73 minutes. At exactly 10 minutes we'd expect 52,500 blocks per year.

Update 2017:
It turns out that 2016 had 55,184 blocks (or an average block interval of 9.51 minutes), so with 54,000 blocks I had underestimated by 1,184 blocks. Thus, inflation rates might be slightly bigger than the estimate provided here, if that interval remains accurate. New estimates were still calculated with 54,000 blocks per year.

Update 2020:
2017 had 55,928 blocks, 2018 had 54,498 blocks, and 2019 had 54,232 blocks. Seems like we're actually finally getting closer to the 54,000 estimate, so I continue to use that for the estimate of the future years.

Update 2021:
2020 had 53,222 blocks. So, I've updated future estimates assuming 53,200 blocks per year.