I originally synced my node using the Bitcoin Core default assumevalid value. If I set assumevalid=0 in bitcoin.conf and restart my node, will my node go back and validate historical blocks?
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No, it won't.
That's also not possible without rebuilding the UTXO set from scratch, as the unspent outputs being spent need to be known to validate spends against.
If you want to force a revalidation from scratch, start with -reindex-chainstate. This will blow away the UTXO set, and recreate it from the blocks on disk, and revalidate everything in the process (including all signatures, if -assumevalid=0 is set).
