Colored coins have used the blockchain to record the creation, ownership, and transfer of extrinsic assets other than bitcoin. Here's an excerpt from Mastering Bitcoin
Colored coins are used to track digital assets as well as physical assets held by third parties and traded through colored coins certificates of ownership. Digital asset colored coins can represent intangible assets such as a stock certificate, license, virtual property (game items), or most any form of licensed intellectual property (trademarks, copyrights, etc.). Tangible asset colored coins can represent certificates of ownership of commodities (gold, silver, oil), land title, automobiles, boats, aircraft, etc.
This chapter mentions other use cases like Proof-of-Existence (Digital Notary), Kickstarter (Lighthouse), and Payment Channels (The Lightning Network). But I guess the later two still involve money.
Source: https://github.com/bitcoinbook/bitcoinbook/blob/develop/ch12.asciidoc