Questions tagged [consensus]
Questions about the consensus system of Bitcoin and the protocol rules that are consensus critical.
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Tendermint consensus: Are validators “known” and “pre-selected”?
What are similarities and differences between Tendermint consensus and Proof-of-Stak?
For example, in both consensus, a validator is selected randomly (I think in Tendermint consensus they are ...
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13 views
Leader election-based Blockchains public?
Consensus protocols such as those of Tendermint, Red Belly Blockchain or Algorand can be of great help when dealing with the problem of Finney attacks, and similar sorts of abusing of excessive 'thing'...
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1answer
24 views
Bitcoin version conundrum
Given that the Bitcoin node software not centrally controlled (auto updated) and many different versions and implementations exist around the world, how would a core change be possible if it is not ...
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1answer
35 views
Is PBFT a consensus algorithm?
Can we consider PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) as a consensus algorithm ?
And if yes, How does it work?
And is it similar to other consensuses such as PoW, PoS or PoA ? Or it is totally ...
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1answer
34 views
Is “Proof-of-work” a subset of “Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT)”?
Can we say that Proof-of-work is a type of Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) ? In other words, is PoW a subset of BFT ? Or they are two different categories?
Please note that there is a similar ...
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1answer
27 views
Consensus roles for op_return
What is the validation rule, not policy, for op_return? What is the maximum length of the data that can be attached? Is it 514 bytes? As if the maximum script size was 520 bytes -1 byte for the ...
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0answers
21 views
Ripple Concensus vs PBFT
If ripple only assures a consensus if less than 20% of the node are byzantine then why is it preferred to PBFT or PoW which looks like more reliable consensus algorithm
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1answer
47 views
How to select a leader in RAFT consensus protocol
Suppose a network of 5 nodes uses RAFT consensus protocol. Each nodes maintains a transactions log which consists of a list of the log entries. Each log entry again consists of index and term. All of ...
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1answer
74 views
the maximum possible entries a network can accept in RAFT consensus?
Suppose a network of 5 nodes uses RAFT consensus protocol. Each nodes maintains a transactions log which consist of list of log entries. Each log entry again consist of index, term and command. The ...
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1answer
16 views
How is the amount of proof-of-work invested in a chain calculated?
The bitcoin whitepaper (page 3) states
The majority
decision is represented by the longest chain, which has the greatest proof-of-work effort invested
in it.
I could not find how exactly this ...
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13 views
What is the “Oracle Problem” definition exactly and briefly?
What is the Oracle Problem definition exactly and briefly? Does it mean "trusting on a centralized Oracle" ? Or "How to reach a consensus between a group of Oracles" ? Is the matter "centralization" ...
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“consensus over state” vs. “consensus over events”?
Does someone know what is difference between "consensus over state" and "consensus over events" ?
I found just title of a reference i.e. "Ian Grigg, blog post “The Message is the Medium,” 2017."
...
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1answer
30 views
Delegated Proof of Stake (DPOS) vs. Proof of stake?
What is the main difference between Delegated Proof of Stake (DPOS) vs. Proof of Stake? Is there any significant advantage for security? (since PoS in general suffers security problems.) And which ...
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1answer
25 views
Do private blockchains need consensus protocols?
My understanding is that in a private blockchain, the participating nodes verify and agree that the block is valid and only then add it to the blockchain.In this scenario, are consensus protocols (...
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3answers
772 views
How is Bitcoin governed by mathematics?
I keep hearing talks from Bitcoin evangelists that claim Bitcoin isn't governed by any central authority, rather it's governed by mathematics.
What exactly do they mean when they say "governed by ...
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1answer
41 views
What is the “main” difference between consensus mechanism of Bitcoin and Ethereum?
Bitcoin and Ethereum both use proof-of-work (PoW) consensus mechanism. One of differences between Bitcoin Pow and Ethereum PoW is difficulty level, meaning that while in bitcoin block generation rate ...
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2answers
37 views
Is it logical to use “Proof-of-Authority” for a “public” blockchain?
According parity.io website:
Proof-of-Authority is a replacement for Proof-of-Work, which can be
used for private chain setups.
And also:
The chain has to be signed off by the majority of ...
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3answers
126 views
PoW 51% attack vs. BFT 1/3 attack?
So from what I understand, Bitcoin's PoW is prone to 51% attack, but as a distributed system it is also prone to BFT's 1/3 attack right? I think it's mathematically proven that in a distributed system,...
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1answer
32 views
Distributed Consensus
"Distributed" means operating on more than one devices which dont share physical memory and perform their task (which might be storage or computation) to perform one single task (which in our case ...
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3answers
110 views
Has PoS really been proven secure under comparable assumptions as Bitcoin?
I am just reading this paper which claims to be a formal proof that Cardano's latest Ouroboros PoS protocol ("Genesis") gives similar security guarantees than Bitcoin's PoW protocol. Unfortunately, it ...
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1answer
73 views
Why was BIP34 (Block v2, Height in Coinbase) not implemented via the coinbase tx's locktime or nSequence?
At some point in 2011/12 miners started using custom mining algorithms ignoring the best practise to mine to a different new public key (hash) for each subsequent block. This lead to a lack of ...
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1answer
34 views
Hyperledger consensus protocol
I'm soo deep inside the consensus protocols like PoW, PoS, PoA or other variants used on permissioned/private blockchains such as JPMorgan's Quorum (Based on Raft), Istambul etc..
But I've not ...
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3answers
45 views
Why is a softfork unable to divide the network?
I was wondering why a soft fork cannot in principle divide the Bitcoin network as a hard fork can. I understand that a soft fork, by definition, involves only tightening the consensus rules, but the ...
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1answer
73 views
Would nine 1MB transactions potentially create havoc on the BitcoinCash network
It appears that the BitcoinCash chain is still on its original BCH main chain, and non-upgraded mines/exchanges/wallets can still transact there.
What then would happen if nine (or more) 1MB ...
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1answer
29 views
How can one full node know whether other full nodes added certain block to their blockchain?
How can one full node know whether other nodes agreed a block suggestion of a miner (so it will know whether to add the block to its blockchain too)?
thank you
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1answer
46 views
How to: Check whether or not transaction inputs have been previously spent
Maybe I have overlooked it, but I think the "Bitcoin Developer Reference" does not specify how a miner has to check whether or not transaction inputs have been previously spent.
How is it done?
And ...
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0answers
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How Ripple ledger behaves in a cross border transaction
While I was reading on Ripple, the following part of in cross border payment handling confuses me.
If it's between two banks, it says that once the participating parties agree on exchange rates, the ...
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2answers
124 views
Do all consensus algorithms aim to solve the Byzantine generals problem?
Can I clarify my understanding:
Byzantine Fault Tolerance is a characteristic of a system to tolerate a class of failures belonging to the byzantine generals problem.
Byzantine Fault tolerance is ...
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0answers
43 views
DPOS vs tendermint in Ethereum
what is the difference between DPOS and tendermint?
and which one can be used for partially decentralized blockchain ?
note i will use ethereum
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2answers
49 views
Has a consensus algorithm where temporary authorities are fairly “elected” via PoW been discussed?
In the usual proof-of-work consensus system, miners constantly compute hashes (“wasting” resources). What if hashing were restricted to a certain time window, e.g., 1 hour per day?
This could act as ...
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1answer
43 views
Altering Consensus Rules
How nodes agree to consensus rules? Is it possible for someone to change the consensus rules for his own software and then remain in the previous network? If not, then why?
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1answer
57 views
What happens to the blockchain after the miner wins the puzzle?
I have some problems understanding the flow of consensus mechanism, so far I know, In PoW when validating a transaction the miners will compete with each other to solve a puzzle, the miner who find ...
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2answers
59 views
What happens when a node cannot find the base Block of a newly received Block
This particular question has been bugging my mind for sometime now. Suppose there an adversary miner who mines a Block with one of his transactions. The miner would only send the updated Block to a ...
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2answers
50 views
Any attack vector for Proof of Witness?
When Alice wants to send Bob some coins all she has to do is sign a transfer of ownership with her private keys and publicize that announcement until Bob is happy with the number of witnesses. For ...
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2answers
85 views
Can an attacker use a modified Bitcoin node to pass fake transactions into the mempool?
Is it possible for a malicious attacker to download a bitcoin software code, modify that code and use that software for his own benefit? I know that any changes implemented in the bitcoin software ...
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1answer
58 views
When does a node mark a transaction as confirmed or unconfirmed?
As new transactions are broadcasted, the nodes keep them in a pool of unconfirmed transactions.
One node will add it to a block as soon as it finds a proof of work. At the same time many other nodes ...
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115 views
Proof of Elapsed Time Susceptible to Random number generator attack?
Since Proof of Elapsed Time (POET) uses a Random Wait time to elect a leader, would it be susceptible to Random number generator attack?
Nathan Aw
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1answer
182 views
What consensus algorithm is MimbleWimble/Grin using? Does it use Zero Knowledge Proofs as well?
Understand that MimbleWimble/Grin is privacy centric. Does it use Zero Knowledge Proofs to achieve the privacy goals?
In addition, what consensus algorithm is MimbleWimble/Grin using?
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2answers
78 views
How do nodes reach consensus on when the target is recalculated?
Due to network latencies, some nodes may think they are at a different block height than the rest of the network. How then does a node decide if the target has been recalculated since that changes ...
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1answer
68 views
Difference between Byzantine Fault Tolerant Protocols and Byzantine Agreement protocol (i.e., BA*)?
What is the difference between Byzantine Fault Tolerant Protocols and Byzantine Agreement protocol (i.e., BA*)?
Is it just a naming convention or both concept differs fundamentally?
Nathan Aw
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1answer
41 views
P2WSH-MultiSig fails with documented OP_0 workaround
As per the note at Developer Guide - MultiSig and BIP147 when using OP_CHECKMULTISIG an OP_0 needs to be prefaced to the scriptSig to accommodate a bug in the original Bitcoin implementation.
If the ...
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1answer
37 views
How do offchain transactions get validated/confirmed whilst using Lightning network?
How do offchain transactions get validated whilst using Lightning network?
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1answer
112 views
Proof of Work and Proof of Stake - Competitive advantage
It is said that Proof of Stake will be the mainstream consensus mechanism in the long run. Regarding the nature perspective I totally agree. But it has been rumoured that Proof of stake is more ...
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1answer
119 views
In what sense does the security model of proof-of-stake require users to “log on to the internet every few months”
This is primarily a question about something I heard Vitalik Buterin say in an interview the other day. (Unchained podcast's January 9, 2018 episode, at 34 minutes, 15 seconds) I quote:
As far as ...
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1answer
941 views
What is Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)?
I know that it is a consensus algorithm that is different from Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) which is used in a few blockchains including but not limited to STEEM, BitShares and ARK, ...
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1answer
47 views
Is there an API that provides information on the consensus algorithm of altcoins?
Is there an API that offers information on the consensus algorithm of altcoins? Something like examplewebsite.org/api?name=steem
{
...
"consensus":"DPoS",
...
}
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1answer
124 views
Unbreakablecoin - Block Height Stopped Moving
I am running a full Unbreakablecoin (a Bitcoin clone) node.
Blocks were being generated every few minutes or so, until about a week ago. Now, the block height has been stuck at 82666 for multiple ...
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How is the order of transactions determined in a consensus PoS?
How is the order of transactions determined?
How does each private ledger of the 'forgers' validate the transaction of others, when one transaction only comes through one of the validators first?
...
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1answer
368 views
How will Ripple handle the 50,000+ advertised TPS?
I've tried wrapping my head around the Ripple "consensus process". From my understanding, Ripple creates a new ledger version every 4 seconds, computed by a set of "validating nodes".
But herein lies ...
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167 views
Modifying Consensus rules: How to accept block rewards within 3% of connected peers stated block rewards?
For a project I'm working on, I'm trying to modify the consensus rules to allow block rewards (nSubsidy) that are within 3% of other current block rewards by others on the network. For reference I'm ...
