Questions tagged [op-return]

An opcode that allows you to create an unspendable transaction output that stores up to 80 bytes of data.

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64 votes
4 answers
40k views

Explanation of what an OP_RETURN transaction looks like

How is OP_RETURN used and why was it introduced in the first place?
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14 votes
3 answers
7k views

What is a step by step way to insert data in OP_RETURN?

I was following https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=453086.0 for creating a message in OP_RETURN. I am able to decode my raw transaction, but on signrawtransaction it gives error: {"code":-22,"...
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4 votes
2 answers
3k views

Insert data to transaction with OP_RETURN

This might be a possible duplicate with this. I want to know a proper way to insert additional string with OP_RETURN and retrieve the transaction from block chain and decode it accordingly. Thank ...
12 votes
2 answers
3k views

Is there a maximum size of a scriptSig/scriptPubKey?

Previous research: Transaction's maximum size What is the maximum size of a transaction? The maximum size of a standard transaction is 100k bytes. Are there any consensus rules that prohibit ...
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8 votes
2 answers
691 views

Was the lifting of the Taproot transaction size limit "accidental"? Why would ordinals want to fill a block with OP_RETURNs?

I was reading this Twitter thread from pourteaux. I'm pretty sure there are some inaccuracies in it but I have a couple of questions. He states: Taproot accidentally blew up the old transaction size ...
5 votes
1 answer
2k views

OP_RETURN max bytes clarification

I've read that an OP_RETURN opcode allows up to 80 arbitrary bytes to be used in an unspendable transaction. My question is, how is it possible that in this famous transaction (...
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4 votes
2 answers
1k views

OP_RETURN in a coinbase transaction?

Hey looking at this transaction I'm confused why there are two outputs and why one of them is labelled with OP_RETURN
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2 votes
1 answer
594 views

OP_RETURN custom message in testnet transaction

I would like to do a bitcoin transaction in testnet by embedding a custom message in the OP_RETURN. do i have to download the bitcoin core client with and the block chain to do that? or can i use a ...
  • 43
0 votes
1 answer
146 views

Accessing bitcoind from python module hits error

I am experimenting with the blockchain a bit, specifically trying to use the python-OP_RETURN module to put a few bytes into the blockchain op_return field. To use this module I blv I need a running ...
15 votes
1 answer
13k views

How to add additional information to transaction?

I want to add some additional information to my specific transaction, so that I can send the additional information to blockchain.
11 votes
1 answer
787 views

Is there a limit to how much extra data can be put into blocks via scripts?

According to this answer, miners can include extra data in blocks. Is there an upper bound to how much a miner can add? How much?
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9 votes
2 answers
1k views

Does encoding Namecoin/messages into the blockchain bloat it?

I read today twice concerns about inflating the blockchain: NameCoin Bitcoin Message Service So, does using these services "over inflate" the blockchain? The way I see it, if another protocl rides ...
  • 26.4k
5 votes
1 answer
746 views

Why does this coinbase transaction have two op_return outputs?

I've been looking at coinbase transactions for fun and I came across one with two op_return outputs.. Does anyone know what the second one is? Also, I understand the first op_return is used to ...
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3 votes
1 answer
741 views

OP_RETURN marks transaction or output as invalid

I am currently looking into the Bitcoin script. I want to create a transaction with one output with OP_RETURN and some data, and one output which pays coins to some address. I am confused, does ...
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3 votes
2 answers
943 views

Understanding how ordinals work with the Bitcoin blockchain. What is exactly stored on the blockchain?

Supposedly someone uploaded a Doom clone to the bitcoin blockchain: https://ordinals.com/content/521f8eccffa4c41a3a7728dd012ea5a4a02feed81f41159231251ecf1e5c79dai0 But I'm a bit confused on exactly ...
3 votes
2 answers
504 views

Colored coin adds meta data to OP_RETURN. Why isn't this frowned upon?

It seems that adding data to OP_RETURN is frowned upon and considered as bloating the blockchain. Blockchain.info wallet also had a short stint where users could include data into the OP_RETURN ...
2 votes
1 answer
283 views

What is OP_RETURN b9e11b6d?

While investigating some Bitcoin coinbase transactions, I notice that a lot of them have an output of the form OP_RETURN OP_PUSHBYTES_36 b9e11b6d… where ‘…’ is 32 bytes, probably a hash of something. ...
2 votes
3 answers
4k views

Create OP_RETURN tx with Bitcoinjs-lib

I know how to create a basic TX: var bitcoin = require('bitcoinjs-lib') var tx = new bitcoin.Transaction() // Add the input (who is paying) of the form [previous transaction hash, index of the ...
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2 votes
1 answer
505 views

Segwit: Arbitrary data storage in witness?

Let's say I want to encode the text of the King James version of the Bible into the block chain, one piece at a time (replace this with any zany idea to consume copious quantities of block space). ...
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1 vote
2 answers
61 views

What are the mean, median, range, limits and trends in the size of coinbase transactions?

I'm attempting to estimate how much "spare capacity" there is for merged mining protocols. As I understand it the scriptSig in the coinbase transaction must be less than 100B. However, the ...
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1 vote
1 answer
154 views

Why is the source code fee calculated higher than the current bitcoin fee amount?

In python bit (https://github.com/ofek/bit/), when sending a message, it is properly 80 bytes or less (https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/transactions.html) fee is If it is a 4-byte character ...
1 vote
1 answer
123 views

In the bitcoin scripting language, how can I access other outputs of the transaction? Or how else can I limit how the coins may be spent?

Is there any way to add an opcode to a UTXO that prevents how the coins are spent? For example, in order to to spend the output, a person must send X number of bitcoin to Y address within the ...