Questions tagged [schnorr-signatures]
The schnorr-signatures tag has no usage guidance.
77
questions
3
votes
1answer
65 views
Support for taproot multisig descriptors
I’m trying to understand the current state of descriptor support for taproot, with a specific focus on multisig wallets (When I say “multisig” I mean k-of-n threshold signing, rather than a schnorr ...
4
votes
2answers
114 views
Is it possible to use a P2PKH output with a schnorr signature?
I know that Bitcoin has many different transaction output types (P2SH, P2WPKH, P2WSH, P2TR, etc).
And I know that P2PKH is an old transaction output type that has existed since before Segwit and ...
5
votes
2answers
243 views
What is an adaptor signature?
What is an adaptor signature in Bitcoin? A simple definition with some examples that could be understood without knowing cryptography in detail
5
votes
1answer
206 views
Can Schnorr aggregate signatures be nested inside other Schnorr aggregate signatures?
The way I've understood Schnorr signatures is that multiple parties can combine their signatures into a one shared signature, thus obfuscating the number of participants involved in the signature ...
3
votes
1answer
322 views
2-of-3 multisig with Schnorr signatures
From what I understand, Schnorr signatures will allow n-of-n multisignature transactions, however m-of-n isn't possible using the key path alone.
Or is it?
Suppose we need a 2-of-3 scheme. As far as I ...
3
votes
1answer
72 views
In the Taproot implementation of Schnorr signatures, is "e" the hash of R or r?
BIP340 describes the Schnorr signature scheme that will be implemented with Taproot.
The signature scheme involves computing an integer, e, during both signing and verification.
Under Default Signing, ...
0
votes
0answers
20 views
Cryptographic Block Ordering
I've been working on a cryptographic clock for Bitcoin, so other cryptographic systems to leverage as a tool for coordination and security.
As a result, I gave each block on the bitcoin core timechain ...
2
votes
0answers
61 views
Schnorr signature key storage
So everyone talks about Schnorr signatures and Taproot when talking about Bitcoin. I would like to know if there is any standard that they will use to store the keys used in this algorithm. And also I ...
5
votes
1answer
165 views
Are there risks to using the same private key for both ECDSA and Schnorr signatures?
I think I've seen a comment by Greg Maxwell about this but am having trouble finding it. I think there was some risk when signing the same message with the same key with both algorithms?
In this ...
2
votes
1answer
111 views
Why Schnorr was added to secp256k1 library instead of a separate library?
Schnorr signatures are often compared as superior to the Elliptic Curve ones. Then why developers added Schnorr into libsecp256k1 library which is, as the name suggests, an Elliptic Curve library?
...
1
vote
0answers
51 views
Why is adding s values in half aggregation insecure?
Jonas Nick an Tim Ruffing discussed in a presentation that summing up the s values in signature half aggregation would be insecure (without giving the reason)
They presented a secure solution which ...
2
votes
1answer
113 views
Why is full blockwide signature aggregation of schnorr signatures non-interactive?
I can only think of the MuSig paper describing how Rouge attacks are prevented by also committing to the public key of all signers. But as far as I understand the case of multisig is not the same as ...
4
votes
1answer
204 views
Why does blockwide signature aggregation prevent adaptor signatures?
In a recent video about half signatures, Jonas Nick mentions that blockwide signature aggregation interferes with adaptor signatures and offering atomic swaps (I guess via PTLCs).
I am confused about ...
2
votes
2answers
81 views
Retweaking other person's or my own taproot address
Suppose I get a taproot address=schnorr public key from an exchange that is not tweaked using mast merkle root and I wish to tweak that public key.
This will yield a potentially different public key.
...
5
votes
1answer
152 views
Are the witnesses segregated with Schnorr signatures?
SegWit fixed transaction malleability by just moving the signature out of the block of data that's being hashed to form the transaction id.
However, Schnorr does not suffer from signature malleability ...
7
votes
1answer
187 views
Possible number of signers with MuSig
With multisig, up to 20 signatures may be used in a threshold signature scheme (What are the limits of m and n in m-of-n multisig addresses?).
As far as I understand, there should be no hard-coded ...
0
votes
1answer
49 views
Is ECDSA signing supported from within a Taproot tree or must all signing be Schnorr?
Let's say a server is set up to do ECDSA signing and you want to include the requirement to provide a ECDSA signature within your Taproot tree (script path). Is this supported?
1
vote
1answer
211 views
Taproot, potential quantum bug, and general clarification
Here seeking information. I have 2 questions marked with parens
Would like some clarification pertaining to the Mark Friedenbach article:
Why I'm Against Taproot
The point of contention with Mark ...
5
votes
1answer
274 views
What is the difference between key aggregation and signature aggregation?
What is the difference between key aggregation (e.g. MuSig) and signature aggregation?
Many people (including myself) have in the past used these terms interchangeably. Why is it important to be ...
0
votes
1answer
27 views
1 of n Multisig Scriptless Scripts?
I know MuSig makes n of n multisig scriptless. However, can we also aggregate multiple internal public keys in one public key, and unlock funds using either one of the internal public keys?
2
votes
1answer
106 views
Why is Public Key aggregation in MuSig described as a product of the public keys?
In the the MuSig2 paper, it is described that:
Each signer randomly generates and communicates to others a nonce
Ri=g^ri; then, each of them computes R=∏ni=1Ri,c=H( ̃X,R,m)where
̃X=∏ni=1Xiis the ...
2
votes
1answer
55 views
In MuSig-DN why not use a truly random number for the nonce instead of a pseudorandom function?
In MuSig-DN why not use a truly random number for the nonce instead of a pseudorandom function (PRF)? If the nonce space is big enough it would never be reused.
This question was asked by emzy on ...
3
votes
1answer
820 views
What makes cross input signature aggregation complicated to implement?
What makes cross input signature aggregation complicated to implement? Other than for design space reasons why didn't it make it into BIP-Taproot? (Key aggregation within one input can be achieved ...
0
votes
1answer
52 views
How do I tweak the bip340_test_vectors to check that signature verification fails for other test vectors?
I now understand why some of the bip340_test_vectors fail signature verification.
I would like to tweak these test vectors to check that signature verification fails for other test vectors. How do I ...
1
vote
1answer
148 views
I'm digging further into the open Taproot PR. Can you explain the bip340_test_vectors?
I'm digging further into the open Taproot PR. I found these bip340_test_vectors.
They have secret keys, public keys, aux_rand (auxiliary randomness), message, signature and whether the signature ...
2
votes
1answer
94 views
Who will the first adopters of Taproot be (assuming it is activated at some stage)? What incentives are there to start using it straight away?
Adoption of SegWit by users and companies after it was activated was slow. Should we expect adoption of Taproot to be slow also (assuming it is activated at some stage)?
Who will the first adopters of ...
0
votes
1answer
60 views
Two threats to Bitcoin: Quantum Computing and Mining farm seizures - what new BIPs are needed before it is too late? [closed]
How resistant is bitcoin blockchain against physical attacks? Contrary to other consensus mechanisms, Bitcoin's PoW model is dependent on massive Mining Farms with tons of ASIIC hardware. These farms ...
3
votes
1answer
110 views
Which MuSig scheme is optimal? Classic MuSig or this new MuSig-DN scheme?
Now we have two competing MuSig schemes which is better? Classic MuSig or MuSig-DN? Which use case(s) might choose classic MuSig over MuSig-DN and vice versa?
4
votes
2answers
195 views
What are "leaf versions" in Taproot?
What are "leaf versions", when do you upgrade a version, how many versions are there and how do they differ from segwit versions?
0
votes
1answer
33 views
Is there already reached consensus on network upgrades like Taproot, Submarine Swaps?
I have read about some very interesting new protocol amendments. I am not asking for their explanations, but would be great if anyone explained their current status, if they are still considered to ...
0
votes
1answer
64 views
Schnorr without R in the challenge
I read the Schnorr and MuSig papers and stumbled over the problem that the use of deterministic nonces in multisignatures is not safe. The adversary would be able to extract the private key from the ...
4
votes
3answers
1k views
What are some interesting applications of Taproot "smart contracts"?
From a strictly technical perspective, MAST makes a lot of sense. However, understanding it in the context of Taproot/Tapscript does require prior knowledge in Merkle Trees and hash functions.
What ...
3
votes
1answer
532 views
k selection for Schnorr signatures
So i was reading the BIP for Schnorr signatures and I couldn't find any explanation on why the simple RFC6979 Variant wasn't chosen for their nonce generation. Instead, they decided to go with their ...
3
votes
1answer
75 views
Is Z-man's PTLC construction implementable using libsecp256k1-zkp?
In a mailing list post Z-man details a PTLC construction which he claims is "is almost entirely a MuSig ritual". My question is whether this MusigTweak is what is called the adaptor (last argument of ...
3
votes
2answers
715 views
Could Taproot create larger security risks or even hinder future protocol adjustments re Quantum threats?
I am quoting here a user named "blk014" who responded to Pieter's Taproot tweets from 24JAN. I find this user's comments very interesting and would like to ask a developer expert how much of a ...
2
votes
1answer
82 views
Will g'root be included in the Taproot soft-fork?
G'root, which I understands as generalised Taproot, was announced a year and a half ago. I'm wondering what the development is on it and if it is part of the taproot softfork.
13
votes
1answer
633 views
Musig Signature Interactivity
2 Questions:
Why is Musig signing always interactive?
Let's say I have a Musig wallet where keys are stored in secure locations with no internet access. What are some methods to sign from these ...
3
votes
1answer
239 views
Would a Schnorr PubKey be a different length than a Taproot PubKey like P2WPKH and P2WSH?
A P2WPKH PubKey is shorter than a P2WSH PubKey. Would this also be the case that a Taproot PubKey is larger than a Schnorr PubKey?
If so, wouldn't people be incentivised to use the Schnorr PubKey and ...
2
votes
1answer
168 views
how difficult is it to generating an ECDSA (or Schnorr) signature with a certain number of leading zeros?
If both the public key and the private key are known ahead of time (public knowledge), and the goal is to choose a message/nonce that generates a signature with, for example, a certain number of ...
7
votes
1answer
635 views
Will Schnorr Multi-signatures completely replace ECDSA?
I stumbled upon the fact that schnorr signatures will most probably replace the current ECDSA system in a future BIP.
Is it worth learning about ECDSA or this will become obsolete/useless/confusing ...
2
votes
1answer
112 views
bip-schnorr and HD Key Derivation
Is it safe to use HD Key Derivation with bip-schnorr? The bip mentions that you should not throw away the first byte of a generated key.
It is important to not mix up the 32-byte bip-schnorr public ...
3
votes
2answers
173 views
Why is no security lost by using 32-byte public keys in Schnorr signatures instead of 33?
There is currently a discussion on the mailing list about truncating the 33rd byte from public keys when used in bip-schnorr.
Public keys are (x, y) coordinates and compressed public keys simply ...
2
votes
1answer
182 views
Why do aggregate Schnorr signatures reverse the hash and the random number
A bitcoin signature has:
z = hash(m)
Using a private key pk we can generate a signature for message m
consisting of two numbers: r (x coordinate of the random point R =
k×G) and s = (z+r⋅pk)/k. Then, ...
2
votes
1answer
51 views
Is it cryptographically possible to have aggregate signature schemes that can improve privacy in UTXO consolidation?
My understanding of Schnorr signatures, Taproot and Graftroot and how they improve privacy in smart contracts / multi-sig is by allowing users to aggregate signatures so the individual signatures and ...
0
votes
1answer
207 views
What are the limitations for amortizing the interactive session setup of MuSig?
I'm trying to find a way to amortize the interactive session setup in the MuSig signature aggregation scheme. My motivation is to use signature aggregation between devices communicating using low ...
4
votes
1answer
274 views
Is the BCH version of Schnorr signatures compatible with taproot?
BCH is going to introduce support for Schnorr signatures on May 15th. One of the most anticipated features for Schnorr signatures on Bitcoin is the introduction of taproot constructions. Will it be ...
2
votes
0answers
83 views
Schnorr Fiat Shamir Transformation
In the Schnorr identity protocol, we can transform the interactive ZKP into a non-interactive one by replacing the role of the verifier (i.e. providing a random challenge value) with a hash function ...
3
votes
1answer
102 views
What is the current Status of major proposed BTC upgrades like Taproot, MAST, Submarine Swaps?
I have read during the last year about some very interesting BIPs or initiatives. I am not asking for their explanations, just would be great if anyone would know about their simple status as of now, ...
9
votes
2answers
801 views
How could Schnorr signatures be aggregated across the whole transaction?
I am studying the MuSig protocol and am having trouble grasping certain segments. This is my understanding thus far:
In current Bitcoin CHECKMULTISIG format, the size of the signature grows linearly ...
0
votes
2answers
331 views
The order of the generator point G used in bitcoin
Hi I was just wondering how the order of the generator point G used in bitcoin was actually calculated.
From the specification listed http://www.secg.org/SEC2-Ver-1.0.pdf for secp256k1 I can see ...
