Questions tagged [script]
A simple, stack-based, Forth-like programming language using "opcodes" to express spending conditions.
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Is it possible to do OP_MOD with OP_GREATERTHAN and a few other opcodes?
Currently OP MOD is considered nonstandard in the Bitcoin protocol, but we
can for example combine OP SHA1 and OP GREATERTHAN to gain a similar effect.
https://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~idddo/...
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Reasons not to rename scriptPubKey and scriptSig to something more intuitive?
I realize that this is how Satoshi named them and there was some reasoning behind these names, but even after years of using them, I find them weird and confusing, especially when e.g. explaining them ...
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Is weighed multi-sig wallet possible?
In a multi-sig wallet, each of the public keys is unique. Is it possible to create weighted multi-sig wallet, such that one private key has more power than the others?
Case 1: typical Example (need 2 ...
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How would one turn a Miniscript tree into a Taproot tree with Taproot'd Miniscript?
How would one turn a Miniscript "tree" into a Taproot tree with Taproot'd Miniscript?
(To be clear unlike a Taproot tree a Miniscript tree likely would't be surfaced to the user. Breaking ...
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Transactions with invalid or non-parseable Script
During parsing of Bitcoin data from blockchain, I found many transactions which has invalid script (example 37b828de0da38f0b3b9ec09f6f8b7883c3202a99a285b0b0087f19f9cbf526d9,...
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How to submit nonstandard scriptPubKey transaction to bitcoind in regtest mode?
I'm trying to replicate an algebraic puzzle I saw in the scriptPubKey of a testnet transaction:
OP_2DUP
OP_ADD
6e
OP_EQUAL
I think the intent was for this output to be spendable by a scriptSig of ...
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How did testnet transaction b6714e05dd014cc92de09271886e62d85e7d41dd44fad417c520eb51d57f94c0 validate?
Testnet transaction c474c67cabc13f74c65e7cf503db971d5ba176794bff7de36f46d51ca675cf3a locked 0.0005BTC with a simple math script:
OP_2DUP
OP_ADD
5102
OP_EQUALVERIFY
OP_SUB
230d
OP_EQUAL
Transaction ...
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Simplicity vs Miniscript [duplicate]
It is clear that both simplicity and Miniscript aims to extend and improve upon the bitcoin script. However what are the differences between them and the pros and cons they both have against the other?...
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Newbie, please help, I'm totally clueless about Bitcoin and the rest of them and I need help [duplicate]
I'm a beginner and I'm new to everything about Bitcoin, crypto and
everything. Please, I need help,anyone??
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Why does this not return TRUE?
scriptSig: <pubKey>
scriptPubKey: <pubKey> OP_EQUALVERIFY
The stack has <pubKey>, <pubKey> and then OP_EQUALVERIFY. So why, does it not return TRUE, even when the recent two ...
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Are attempts to spend from a timelocked UTXO rejected?
Background
I was reading a bit about Bitcoin time locked transactions within the context of the Lightning Network. One thing that was never explained is what happens when one tries to prematurely ...
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Using EQUALVERIFY with different public keys, but generated from the same seed
I am building certain system that involves Bitcoin and therefore I need to understand well how it works under the hood.
In order to receive funds, for every new transaction new public key and its hash ...
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How to regularly restart bitcoind after some period of time on Linux
If, like me you wish to automatically restart bitcoind after some period of time, or if it crashes at least it will restart sometime on it's own you know that it can take a long time on Linux before ...
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Q's about P2WPKH
I got some btc in testnet, here are the outputs.
this is the UTXO that i get my btc
{
"value": 17.24756333,
"n": 1,
"scriptPubKey": {
"asm": "...
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How can the genesis block contain arbitrary data on it if the script is invalid?
The coinbase transaction from the genesis block contains this script: ...
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How transactions script work?
I am trying to learn Bitcoin in some technical details, but I don't really understand the process of locking and unlocking scripts. I know that for what they are using, but can someone explain me some ...
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Is it possible to design a recursive covenant opcode that results in a full node stuck in an infinite verification loop?
Is it possible to design a new opcode enabling recursive covenants that could result in a full node stuck in an infinite loop of verifying transactions? (Obviously this would never be considered for a ...
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Trying to understand a nonstandard transaction in bitcoin tests
I am trying to implement a bitcoin script interpreter and today I stumbled upon a nonstandard transaction in tx_valid.json which gave me a lot of headaches. The transaction in question has the ...
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What is a Miniscript fragment? And what should I call the underscore letter?
An example Miniscript is:
and_v(or_c(pk(B),or_c(pk(C),v:older(1000))),pk(A))
(Generated using this Miniscript site).
What would a fragment be here? What should I call the underscore letter (_v)? And ...
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Why is OP_XOR disabled? Are there any forks on which it has been enabled? [duplicate]
Why is OP_XOR disabled?
Are there any forks on which it has been enabled?
Are there any plans to enable it?
Perhaps this is the answer, still perhaps there is another reason for the bitwise logic ...
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Was Bitcoin 0.3.7 actually hard-forking?
Reading through the wiki (bitcoin.it consensus versions) I noticed that release 0.3.7 ("scriptSig + scriptPubKey evaluations separated") is listed as a hard-forking change. In BitMEX's ...
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Creating a raw transaction from scratch/
I am currently learning bitcoin technology. So I came up around the term raw transaction. There are many tools to create a raw transaction but I want to do it all by myself.
My Idea is to write a raw ...
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problem with unlocking P2WSH
i made a P2WSH address with bitcoinjs-lib from a script. the same script results in the same address with bitcoin core. I made an unlocking script and tested the combination with btcdeb and everything ...
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Invalid input scripts? Why are they included? Is there a correct way to identify them? [duplicate]
Transaction 88025f2bfa2435a7036a865ea0b4748491d21f9b8cfd72788e9d1c9aa8977e7d is valid, but its one and only input has an invalid script. (There are many transactions like this, but this one will ...
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non-mandatory-script-verify-flag (unknown error) with a script that runs ok in btcdeb
after learning a lot about script (and playing with them on the testnet) i made a way longer script.
$ btc decodescript 7455886f94935688789352885279935b88946e935b88945187
{
"asm": "...
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Loops in bitcoin scripting
According to this Q&A there are no loops in bitcoin script: The Bitcoin scripting system is purposefully not Turing-complete - why?
I was reading the comments in a reddit post and realized few for ...
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Bitcoin script with multiple recipients?
Is it possible to write a Bitcoin script that pays multiple recipients?
For instance, a script funded with 2 BTC by Alice that pays 1 BTC each to Bob and Charlie.
Eventually I'd like to build a system ...
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unlock non standard script
i transferred some coins to a testnet address 2MwP5KwNRsQV5cf3T7VcFU4Vhj2LcUeMiLM with a locking script just to play with scripts. the locking script is OP_1 OP_2 OP_ADD (always evaluates to true).
...
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Who do locked bitcoins belong to?
I am currently learning about bitcoin transactions and I found out about the scriptPubKey which locks every output until it is spent by using the unlocking script.
My question is who owns the bitcoins ...
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Making and trading tokens with bitcoin like with solidity and ethereum metamask
So I've learned how to make erc 20 tokens using solidity on the ethereum blockchain and move them around with metamask.
Is there a similar process for making bitcoin tokens and moving those around ...
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Where does the "green addresses" scheme use the bitcoin scripts?
I'm reading Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies. And in this book, the author uses some application scenarios to justify the complexity of having the scripting language instead of just specifying ...
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What is the script assembly and execution in P2TR spend (spend from Taproot)
So I have found and fundamentally understand how P2PKH is assembled from inputs and outputs to create a bitcoin forth-like script for execution.
I looked at the SegWit BIP examples section and I found ...
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How to check OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY?
I try to simply get into the OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY opcode and test it. However I get the error
error: Locktime requirement not satisfied
no matter what unix- or blocktime I enter in my btcdeb. I ...
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Non-mandatory-script-verify-flag (unknown error)
I am trying to learn how scripts are working.
In a testnet i got some scripts working and learned a lot about what not to do. But now I am struggeling getting this to work.
Originaly I worked with a ...
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Can Schnorr aggregate signatures be nested inside other Schnorr aggregate signatures?
The way I've understood Schnorr signatures is that multiple parties can combine their signatures into a one shared signature, thus obfuscating the number of participants involved in the signature ...
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Recognizing Taproot outputs in raw transactions
What can be the contents of an P2TR output script? Is it always OP_1 0x20 <32-bit public key>? Can multisig script be there, and if yes - in what format, and more importantly - how do I convert ...
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What is the easyest python3 script to generate pubkey + addresses from 24 words + passphrase?
Coldcard can generate 24 words from dice, but then I still need to verify that applying my passphrase on top of the 24 words, give me the addresses that coldcard is showing me.
What is the easyest ...
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ANYONECANSPEND transaction vs. private key for giving bitcoin as a prize
I would like to create a game (kind of like a treasure hunt) where the winner finds a piece of hidden information that allows them to claim some bitcoin.
One way to do it is to create a transaction ...
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Why does the locking script for MultSig contain PubKeys instead of PubKeyHash?
I am reading "Mastering Bitcoin" by Andreas Antonopoulos. In the transactions section, the locking script for normal account(single address) is
OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <Cafe Public Key Hash> ...
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What if I change PubKeyHash in scriptPubKey of a transaction to my PubKeyHash?
Suppose a person A makes a transaction to person B and sends it to bitcoin network. Suppose I changed PubKeyHash in scriptPubKey of a transaction to my PubKeyHash and send it to bitcoin network. The ...
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How to spend an anyone-can-spend input
I'm trying to teach myself bitcoin script, and so far I'm failing with a seemingly trivial example.
I'm using the Bitcoin Test Framework, and this is what I'm doing (simplified):
# p2sh address for ...
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Liquid tapscript opcodes
Related question: What opcodes are supported on Liquid but not yet on Bitcoin?
I had seen few opcodes in the slides shared by notgrubles on Twitter
Opcodes:
OP_INSPECTCURRENTINPUT
OP_INSPECTINPUT
...
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What opcodes are supported on Liquid but not yet on Bitcoin?
What opcodes are supported in Liquid as of today (September 2021) but not (yet) on Bitcoin? What is the rationale for including these particular opcodes but not others?
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How does OP_RETURN burn coins?
What exactly causes the output containing OP_RETURN to be unspendable?
And why do I have to use the byes after OP_RETURN for keeping data in the blockchain and I can't use bytes before OP_RETURN?
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How to edit bitcoin.conf for bitcoin.cli scripting
I want to install Kristaps Kaupe’s scripts on my bitcoin.conf but I am afraid I don't have the technical expertise necessary to make it run.
I am simply cutting and pasting it on my bitcoin.conf file, ...
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What script unlocks this locking script?
The locking script I have is
OP_PUSH1(0x03) OP_ADD OP_PUSH1(0x05) OP_NUMEQUALVERIFY
I don't understand how the OP_PUSH works - where does it push from and does it push it onto the top of the stack? I ...
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Script type test vectors
I'm looking for test vectors, assuming xpub or public key to derive various script type addresses out of it. Something along the line of https://bip32jp.github.io/english/ but not only for P2PKH, but ...
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What is the Purpose of Writing the Previous ScriptPubKey as a Temporary ScriptSig of an Input Before Signing?
I have seen some guides saying to write the script pub key of the output we are trying to redeem. (Ie. step 6. How to redeem a basic Tx?)
I'm curious what the reasoning behind this is and what will ...
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Can you program a transaction to automatically run once fees are low?
Can i program a bitcoin transaction to run when the network is not as busy or when fees are low? If you are not in a rush to complete trx.
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How does a Wallet Create a Transaction when a Public Address Is Provided?
Given a public Bitcoin wallet address 1BdYVvwoxTWMGqJS2Pg6NkVD7RnENVjSac; is pasted into a wallet to send Bitcoins to. How does the wallet create an output to send coins to the public key associated ...
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