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These are very generic names whose meaning is completely context specific. Likely, where you saw pto, it was a pointer type and there was somewhere nearby a variable called o. Similarly, a critical se …

Your transaction fee goes to the miner who includes your transaction in a block. Miners are free to use any algorithm they want to decide which valid transactions to include in their block. As you mi …

I gave a keynote address at cppcon 2016 about almost this exact issue. There are a variety of reasons why C++ is an excellent language choice for blockchain applications like Bitcoin. Blockchain appl …

Every time a block is successfully mined, the miner releases it immediately. The mining difficulty is adjusted over time to keep the average block release rate at roughly ten minutes. Successfully min …

The encoding used fits 7 bits of data in each byte of output. So, to figure out the number of bytes of output you will produce, you need to take the number of bits of input and divide by 7 (since 7 bi …

You just have to wait. Eventually, another miner will produce a block and it will be on top of one or the other of the two blocks found at about the same time. The probability of again having two mine …

It is possible to create a public key from the signature. It will be equivalent to the key used to generate the signature but not necessarily identical. You can find an example implementation here.

It's just not a plausible threat model. First, all changes are publicly audited by hundreds of people. Second, releases are signed by the developers. Third, it wouldn't even do any real damage. Bitco …

Look in main.cpp at the ProcessBlock function. The meat is in the AcceptBlock function in the same file.

(target + space - guess) * 100 / space So for example, if your numbers had to be less than 200 and you needed to be less than 20 but got 30, your guess is (20+200-30)*100/200 or 95% right. This makes …

Using a more restrictive license would have slowed adoption. The biggest obstacle to Bitcoin is lack of adoption. Anything that would restrict the set of things people can do with Bitcoins or make it …

This wouldn't be effective. Say I want to transfer value worth $100. How much is it reasonable to ask me to lock up and for how long? Maybe we could tolerate forcing me to lock up $200 for an hour. Bu …

Since nobody can determine that the block is valid, they will treat it just like anything else that they cannot determine is valid -- they will ignore it. Miners can't start mining based on the header …