5
It introduces too much trust into the download source. It's the same thing as just uploading a datadir. You aren't verifying any of the blockchain history; what you download could be a fork of the blockchain. Having such a download completely defeats the point of running a full node.
Furthermore, with downloading a pruned datadir, you will have to download ...
2
Yes, this is very obviously a scam.
For some reason, some people seem to lose common sense when Bitcoin (or cryptocurrency in general) is involved. So here is a really quick way to check if an offer sounds legit: Consider the same situation, but using $USD (or your local currency of choice).
For example:
It advertised free dollars if you send in dollars,...
1
All nodes agree to add another transaction that mints a certain amount of bitcoins to the miner.
No, every miner already includes the transaction that pays them in their own block template. Whatever miner succeeds pays themselves by means of their block being the winner.
However, I am confused about what protections there are against a bitcoin node ...
1
Bitcoin is meant to be a decentralized network not requiring trust to make/receive transactions. Transactions contain signatures to prove that they haven't been tampered with. Signature is not just the private key, it is something that is derived by the private key and some other parameters. This is called ECDSA, Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm. ...
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