Questions tagged [segregated-witness]
Segregated Witness (segwit) defines a transaction format introduced in 2017 which doesn't include signatures in the transaction identifier (txid).
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Are all transactions, whether SegWit or non-SegWit, part of the commitment in a coinbase transaction?
A merkle root in a block header is a way to commit all transactions in that block. However, since it does not cover transaction witness data, another commitment needs to be made in a coinbase ...
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What would happen if we provide witness program different than 32 bytes for SegWit 1?
If the witness program (at the time of writing this question) is greater than 1, it is considered as anyone-can-spend output. Also, if the witness version is 1 and the witness program is 32 bytes, ...
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Can a non-segwit transaction be serialized in the segwit format?
What would happen if a node sent a non-segwit transaction with flag and marker bytes announcing a witness section, but then put 0x00 for each input’s witness stack? Would this “waste of extra bytes” ...
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Why are hashSequence and hashPrevouts computed separately?
When a Segwit transaction is signed, among the many hashes that are calculated to create the data that is going to be signed, the hash of the concatenated [input + index] is calculated (hashPrevouts) ...
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Why are some bc1 addresses 42 characters and others 62 characters in Base58?
The length of bc1 Bitcoin addresses varies between 42 and 62 characters in Base58 encoding. What causes this difference in character count?
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How are the block header bytes treated when calculating the block size in weight?
In pre-segwit, block header bytes were counted as "1 byte" and participated equally in the block size up to 1MB. Since the header is 80 bytes, we would actually have 999,917 bytes (1,000,000 ...
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What is the way that fee is calculated in post-segwit bitcoin?
In pre-segwit bitcoin, process of calculating transaction fee was easy. Actually everything was based on the fact that the byte has its own value/price (estimated by network) and then fee is obtained ...
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signing input for spend funds locked by this script
Please explain how to sign input for raw transaction with privet key corresponding to 1st or 2nd public key in this script
"asm": "OP_IF 1694275749 OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY OP_DROP ...
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P2SH-P2WSH-P2PKH and P2SH-P2WPKH
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using P2WSH-wrapped P2PKH instead of P2WPKH?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using P2SH-wrapped P2WSH-wrapped P2PKH instead of P2SH-wrapped ...
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Why is the discount on segWit data exactly a factor of 4 and not 5, 6 or something higher?
According to BIP141, the formula for calculating block/transaction weight is:
BASE SIZE * 3 + TOTAL SIZE
According to Bitcoin wiki (and also based on the above formula):
Each byte of the segwit ...
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How is segwit backward compatible (soft fork) when the transaction serialization structure is changed?
I understand that SegWit is backward compatible (soft-fork) from this perspective.
So, for old nodes the following output script (scriptPubKey)
OP_n (where n from 0 to 16) <2-40 bytes>
... is ...
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conditional spending from P2WSH address
What im doing wrong?
Sinse I found out that Bitcoin is programmable money Im trying to use it potential.
Using this site https://improvein.github.io/bitcoin-forge/?#/script/create I’ve created a ...
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What mechanism is used by nodes to link Witness data to its Transaction?
I am stuck in developing an understanding of how a node could go from SegWit TXID to lookup Witness data, or vice-versa.
I see that eventually a witness TXID is calculated and included in a Merkle ...
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Does adding OP_1 to scriptSig create a fork between non-segWit and segWit nodes?
According to this, when the scriptPubKey equals to:
OP_n (with n between 0 and 16, inclusive) followed by a direct push of exactly 2 to 40 bytes inclusive
... it denotes the start of SegWit validating ...
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Segwit Taproot xPub switchup
I'm hoping someone can help me out here. I added a new wallet to my BTCPayServer, but I did not add "-[taproot]" to the end of the xPub. I assume that it then was perceived as a Segwit ...
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What is the purpose of P2WPKH-P2SH?
When I ask the google what is the purpose of P2WPKH nested in P2SH, it says the following:
This allows the user to send funds to a SegWit (Segregated Witness)
address using a non-SegWit transaction, ...
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What does it mean that BIP141 is "buried" in Bitcoin core?
I am reading the list of BIPs implemented in Bitcoin core (link) and it says that BIP141 is "buried since v0.19.0", what does that mean? Does this mean that what written in BIP141 is no ...
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Are contrived combinations of address format and segwit version program possible?
I wonder that I'm unable to see how exactly BIP 0341 forbids v1+ segwit from using bech32.
Does consensus allow combining v1+ segwit programs with the bech32 format?
I could expect v0 segwit was maybe ...
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What are the main advantages/purposes of SegWit today?
I am currently learning about SegWit and trying to understand what it is used for. It is clear to me that it was primarily introduced to overcome txid malleability, but...
Looking at this question and ...
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What types of transaction malleability exist and which one of them does SegWit solve?
I am little confused about what types of transaction malleability exist in bitcoin and which one of them does SegWit solve.
Here Antoine Poinsot talks about txid malleability and third-party ...
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Why is this P2WSH spend triggering a verification failure when broadcasting?
I'm experiment with building SegWit transactions manually, and I've written a non-standard simple script just for testing. No signing or anything, just your usual "add two numbers, check equality&...
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What do the following lines of code do in the context of sending Bitcoin?
I have recently started dev on Bitcoin and have a doubt regarding the following code. I have a dApp that prompts users to connect their BTC Wallet and in return, I get their address(testnet).
I want ...
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Why are there 17 native segwit versions?
Given that computers operate in binary, we often see various limits and scopes come in powers of 2. How come there are not sixteen (0–15) but seventeen (0–16) different native segwit versions?
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Error Validating Segwit Transactions using Python Blockcypher API: Error Running Input Script
As the title states, I'm trying to send a Litecoin transaction using the Blockcypher API Python SDK, and using Bitcoinlib for key management. I have extensively reviewed the documentation and source ...
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Can someone explain the byte composition of an inscription reveal transaction?
Doom was inscribed on chain. The reveal transaction had the following script
OP_PUSHBYTES_32 1809cc80b0c9bf0277e774f7f78c5dd0c61f9eda7bec7875dc99457bbf61af8f
OP_CHECKSIG
OP_0
OP_IF
OP_PUSHBYTES_3 ...
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Inscriptions with size less than 10Kb were seemingly possible before taproot, why did they become popular only now?
In 2017 SegWit soft fork introduced consensus limit on script size MAX_STANDARD_P2WSH_SCRIPT_SIZE=10000. With P2WSH, one could seemingly use the same script structure ("envelope") OP_FALSE ...
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Where exactly is the Inscription media stored in witness signature? [duplicate]
Is it stored in the witness program as
OP_FALSE
OP_IF
<data>
OP_ENDIF
or is it stored in annex as described in bip 341 or in some other form?
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I get an Invalid Schnorr signature when trying to broadcast a taproot transaction
I have 0.00036134 testnet bitcoin at the segwit v1 address: tb1p3au39skpdd8suuhunr4ymp6ca6akv9keq20v5twuagpmyqntqaasl22f4w
I wrote this script to achieve 2 things: archive a hash in a transaction and ...
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How can I find the public key corresponding to a P2TR input?
Can you please tell me what is inside the Taproot Witness data?
For P2WPKH, it is defined in BIP-0141 and we have: <signature> <pubkey>
But for Taproot, I can't find anything similar. Per ...
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What is considered witness data in SegWit?
What fields in a transaction are considered witness data? I need this to calculate the vsize for fee.
My understanding is these are marker, flag and witness (from 1 and 2).
Or is it just witness, ...
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Bitcoin transaction malleability is it only for unconfirmed transaction?
I do understand what is transaction malleability and how to do it in practice eg. DER-encoded ASN.1, ECDSA and know that these 2 have been fixed.
Also there are some other types (do not know examples),...
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importmulti native segwit address to fetch utxos of p2wpkh native segwit address
I must fetch utxos for a native segwit address from the local Bitcoin node.
First I wanted to import the segwit address. However, it fails.
How can I import a native segwit address? I'm using latest ...
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How can I optimize my python script that creates a btc native segwit tx with an OP_RETURN message?
I have the following code that successfully created a bitcoin transaction with an OP_RETURN message:
from bitcoinutils.utils import to_satoshis
from bitcoinutils.setup import setup
from bitcoinutils....
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How do I use python-bitcoin-utils to add an OP_RETURN message into a bitcoin transaction?
I have the following code that successfully created a bitcoin transaction with python-bitcoin-utils:
from bitcoinutils.utils import to_satoshis
from bitcoinutils.setup import setup
from bitcoinutils....
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python-bitcoin-utils - sendrawtransaction RPC error: {"code":-25,"message":"bad-txns-inputs-missingorspent"} when trying to broadcast my tx?
I am trying to create a bitcoin transaction to send all of the funds from tb1qj6zz96g8xgrwpgmdlvmkrjlwzz54sf47086yc9 to tb1qxgm8j0cq7tnftef3t563psl56gtmzxanm5c9uy. ...
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bitcoin-cli listunspent returns empty list
I'm running bitcoind bitcoind -regtest and want to send BTC to bcrt1qxhx5gq5gwaju2lh0pxnp7qpn4685cwvst4ql45 segwit address.
Why listunspent returns empty list after sending somebtc to segwit address?
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How to generate a legacy-compatible address using Ledger Live?
I'm trying to withdraw funds from Bittrex to my Ledger device, but it seems they do not accept native Segwit addresses.
Is it possible to generate a legacy-compatible address (for instance a P2SH-...
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Which value is appropriate for the MARKER field of a segwit tx messages: 0x00 or nonzero?
Reading at the Specification chapter in the BIP-0144 document, there seems to be conflicting statements.
The Description of the marker field in the table says "Must be zero"
Field Size
Name
...
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How to create SegWit address from mnemonic in Python 3.8.10
I am having trouble creating SegWit address from mnemonic. I can't find any useful code to do that. I tried using BitcoinLib but I don't know how to disable saving wallets to disk.
EDIT:
I found ...
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Validation of segwit v0-v1 tx automatically adds OP_CHECKSIG?
When I create a segwit transaction v0 (P2WPKH) or v1 (P2TR key-path spend) I do like that (let's spend a P2TR output):
Locking Script (of the P2TR output I'm spending): OP_1 PK_size PK
Witness: 1 (...
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What are the OP codes associated with bc1?
As the title says I'm trying to extract bc1 addresses by using opcodes I've found from reading about bitcoin online. However, I cannot actually find the opcodes associated with bc1. The segwit outputs ...
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How to sign SegWit Transaction without using third party libraries (step by step)
I have a PSBT transaction. My code parsed it into its component parts: 3 maps - global input, output. I based on the document 1. I parsed each transaction into separate fields. Found all scripts and ...
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Is a transaction with a non-segwit input STILL considered malleable? If so how?
Below are a few examples of witness malleability, along with reasons why I believe they are no longer valid:
DER Malleability
For every DER signature with (r,s), there exists 2 valid 's' values -> ...
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How to resolve error when trying to sign and broadcast PSBT transaction via electrum - (Witness program hash mismatch code -26)?
I'm trying to generate a 2-of-2 multisig transaction as a PSBT so that both parties can easily sign their transaction. I'm doing this all on btc testnet as a p2sh p2wsh transaction
When initially ...
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Is the "witness commitment" introduced in bip-0141 optional?
In BIP-0141, it states:
a new block rule is added which requires a commitment to the wtxid.
the coinbase's input's witness must consist of a single 32-byte array for the witness reserved value.
...
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Why is witness data downloaded during IBD in prune mode?
Why do pruned nodes download (segregated) witness data during IBD if much of that data is marked as Assumevalid?
These nodes seem to be downloading witness data just to prune it. Since we already know ...
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Can any Script opcode be used in the witness program, or only specific ones?
I was wondering, can one use an OP_RETURN in the witness script? If not, why not? Also, how could I figure this out from reading Bitcoin Core source? I looked at this file, and it wasn't quite clear ...
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Effect of the witness data discount on the UTXO set
Part of the rationale to apply the witness data discount was to incentivize transactions to spend more inputs and promote a smaller UTXO set. Are there any data on the success of this pursuit?
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Bitcoin P2P network: unable to receive the full block data (witness stripped off)
I wrote a small script to play with the bitcoin P2P network.
The script advertises itself as (NODE_NETWORK | NODE_WITNESS), and connects to a full node running on the LAN.
Everything seems to work ...
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Follow-up to Segwit: Arbitrary data storage in witness?
In 2017 a question about Segwit: Arbitrary data storage in witness? asked whether people wanting to store more data in the blockchain than OP_RETURN allows could instead store data in the witness ...
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